Continuous surface wave and impact methods of measuring the stiffness and density of railway ballast
Journal Article
Fairfield, C., & Zagyapan, M. (2002)
Continuous surface wave and impact methods of measuring the stiffness and density of railway ballast. NDT and E International, 35(2), 75-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0963-8695%2801%2900034-2
Continuous surface wave and transient impact excitation tests were performed on strips of ballast to monitor their compaction. The ballast's shear wave velocity, hence the rat...